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[[Category: Computer Systems]]
Bellman is a very small Linux server. Currently its primary job is to run Docker containers.


Bellman is a Mini-ITX server / desktop
[[File:bellman.jpg|left]]


Bellman functions as a server, but also has an LCD monitor / keyboard / mouse so it can function as a desktop / web browser machine as well. It is on a UPS and lives in my electronics lab.   
''"What's the good of Mercator's North Poles and Equators,''<br>
''Tropics, Zones, and Meridian Lines?"'<br>
''So the Bellman would cry: and the crew would reply''<br>
''"They are merely conventional signs!"''<br>
--Lewis Carroll, ''The Hunting of the Snark''
<br clear=all/>
 
== todo ==
 
complete backups (see section below)
 
8/5/20 There is a partial rsync of Supermicro Bellman on Wenda in ~bwilson/bellman.
 
== Stupid AppArmor complaint ==
 
I finally fixed the error that was being logged once per minute endlessly,
 
[192526.044351] audit: type=1400 audit(1649031318.465:3607): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="/usr/sbin/ntpd" name="/snap/bin/" pid=845699 comm="ntpd" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=0
 
I put this in /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.ntpd
 
  /snap/bin/ r,
 
then I did this and checked for errors.. I deleted /etc/apparmor.d/disable/usr.sbin.rsyslogd to eliminate a whine
 
systemctl reload apparmor.service
systemctl status apparmor.service
 
 
== Audio notes ==
 
For a few months Bellman lived in my structured media panel. Now he and [[Wenda]] are back in the lab again where they can be on a UPS.
 
Bellman is powered on all the time so it should look like this,
 
[[Murre]] line out => line in [[Bellman]] line out => Speakers
 
But there is no line out on Bellman. I have a single headphone jack for an audio connector. So much for that idea.
 
=== Streaming audio to speakers connected directly. ===
 
# Test bellman audio.
## Output to speakers, set up alsamixer and play a file and see if sound comes out.
* play /usr/share/sounds/sound-icons/violoncello-7.wav
## Input from microphone array
They say there is one?
 
In the old Supermicro days, it was possible to route the audio through Bellman via this magic command
from https://askubuntu.com/questions/211136/get-the-audio-from-line-in-to-output-to-the-speaker
 
#manually start the module-loopback
pactl load-module module-loopback
 
#configure your system to load module-loopback on startup
#this places load-module module-loopback at the end of
#the /etc/pulse/default.pa pulseaudio configuration file.
sudo sh -c ' echo "load-module module-loopback" >>  /etc/pulse/default.pa '
 
Now sound can pass through. Since Bellman is always running, he gets to be connected directly to the speakers.
This command will not work without a display,
 
pavucontrol
 
=== Streaming audio to another sink ===
 
How I can route audio from Docker containers to a speaker somewhere else in the house?
I want the Pi Zero living in the kitchen needs to accept a stream over WiFi.
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=136474
 
== Software ==
 
* 2023-11-30 Debian 12 "Bookworm"
* 202? Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS ("focal"), upgraded to 22.04 LTS ("jammy")
 
=== apt packages ===
 
This is a list of things added after a basic installation of Ubuntu.
The goal this time out is to put ''every service'' into a Docker container,
so packages added is minimal.
 
autofs
emacs-nox fail2ban mlocate
net-tools
nfs-common (needed to mount synology volumes locally, notably /green/music)
lm-sensors (use "sensors-detect" to config and "sensors" to read core temperatures)
rsync sudo
 
Left over from Ubuntu Bellman
pulseaudio pulseaudio-utils avahi-daemon
pavumeter pavucontrol ubuntu-sounds
timeshift
 
=== additional software ===
 
Not installed from the standard Debian repositories
 
Conda - Miniconda3 is installed in my home directory.
 
Docker: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/debian/
Remember to add your account to the docker group.
 
== Disable IPV6 ==
 
Create this file, then reload sysctl
 
root@bellman:/etc/sysctl.d# cat 10-disable_ipv6.conf
# 2024-11-24
# Disabling the IPv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.wlan0.disable_ipv6 = 1
 
sysctl --system
 
Check with ip addr command, look for ipv6 addresses. They should be gone.
 
== Firewall ==
This is all different under Ubuntu. Hmm.
 
See https://blog.daknob.net/debian-firewall-docker/ for ideas.
 
I use my own bash script to load iptables rules. See /usr/local/bin,
/etc/network, and /var/lib/vastra.
 
== Email ==
 
I gave up on Dockerizing this for now. Ubuntu wisely switched from exim4 to postfix at Jammy.
 
But Bellman is currently running exim4 so anyways I set it up as a smarthost https://askubuntu.com/questions/167043/how-do-i-configure-exim4-to-send-mail-through-a-password-protected-ssl-smtp-mail using Porkbun. https://kb.porkbun.com/article/146-email-client-configuration-settings
 
 
I had to change the exim4 config with '''dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config''' followed by '''update-exim4.conf''' and '''systemctl restart exim4'''
 
I had to login to porkbun in /etc/exim4/passwd.client
 
I had to rewrite the sender in /etc/exim4/conf.d/rewrite/00_exim4-config_header like this
 
 
== Printing ==
 
The Brother printer is currently connected to [[Wenda]] not Bellman.
When it ''was'', I found the Linux drivers for my HL-L2320D printer didn't work,
so I set up a raw driver on Bellman and then used the appropriate driver
(manually selected) on client computers. It works fine.
 
=== Allow remote access ===
 
cupsctl --remote-admin --remote-any --share-printers
 
I also had to edit and add to /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
 
HostNameLookups on
 
and then
 
systemctl restart cups
 
== NFS mounts ==
 
The Synology is automounted via the autofs package on /net/wenda/volume1/*
I had to uncomment the /net line in /etc/auto.master to enable this.
 
== Backups ==
 
Strategy -- back up to one of three USB drives. Keep one offsite, someplace?
 
=== borgjs setup ===
 
See ~bwilson/Backups/README.md. Output goes to an attached USB drive.
 
First time out, you must initialize the repository.
 
fdisk /dev/sdb
mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdb1
mount /dev/sdb1 /media/Backups
borg init -e none /media/Backups
 
I opt for no encryption when going to an attached hard drive.
 
See https://github.com/vesparny/borgjs
 
My system is not smart enough yet to mount the drives itself, so when I swap them out I have to do a mount operation, (first make sure you have the right device.)
mount /dev/sdb1 /media/Backups
I tried putting it in a Docker and gave up. It's installed on Bellman, directly. The docker seemed to run and never terminate, this is disturbing. How can I check the status? I wrote a script for that, run "./check_status.sh". But the script does not need docker.
 
=== Recovery ===
If I can't recover a file from a backup, I need to find a different strategy.
 
Today I pretend I want just one file, so I do this: list the backups and pick one, mount it, copy.
 
sudo borg list /media/Backups
sudo borg mount /media/Backups::20240822-125406 /mnt
 
Don't forget when you are done to unmount.
 
sudo umount /mnt
 
=== Home Assistant backups ===
2023-1-1 working
 
Nightly backup of sqlite3 databases and loose files in config directory, to /net/wenda/volume1/Wildsong/Backups/home-assistant/
 
== BBR congestion ==
 
See https://www.cyberciti.biz/cloud-computing/increase-your-linux-server-internet-speed-with-tcp-bbr-congestion-control/
for example.
 
Is kernel ready?
 
<pre>
uname -a
Linux bellman 4.9.0-3-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.30-2+deb9u2 (2017-06-26) x86_64 GNU/Linux
grep 'CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BBR' /boot/config-$(uname -r)
grep 'CONFIG_NET_SCH_FQ' /boot/config-$(uname -r)
egrep 'CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BBR|CONFIG_NET_SCH_FQ' /boot/config-$(uname -r)
 
sudo -s
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/10-custom-kernel-bbr.conf <<EOF
net.core.default_qdisc=fq
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr
EOF
 
'''sysctl --system'''
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/10-custom-kernel-bbr.conf ...
net.core.default_qdisc = fq
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/30-postgresql-shm.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/asterisk.conf ...
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.core_pattern = /tmp/core-%e-%s-%u-%g-%p-%t
fs.suid_dumpable = 2
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
</pre>
 
That's that.
 
== Services that run here ==
 
* git moved to Synology [[Wenda]] (see [[Running my own git server]])
* Brother printer moved to [[Wenda]]
* [[gpsd]] welll --- not in Astoria, not yet anyway. :-(
* ssh to allow remote access
* fail2ban to cut off break in attempts via ssh
 
=== DNS ===
 
I tried to get dnsmasq to happily live in a container and failed (it would not come back up on reboots.)
So dnsmasq runs on the host.
 
=== Network syslog ===
 
To allow devices such as [[Granstream GXV3240] phones to spit out logging information, I enable rsyslog from remote hosts: In /etc/rsyslog.conf
you must uncomment 2 lines and restart rsyslogd:
 
# provides UDP syslog reception
module(load="imudp")
input(type="imudp" port="514")
 
=== Services in Docker containers ===
 
/etc/docker/daemon.json looks like this
{
    "data-root": "/var/lib/docker",
    "storage-driver": "overlay2",
    "dns" : ["127.0.0.11", "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1"],
    "dns-search":["wildsong.biz"]
}
 
{| border=1
|-
| service || containers || notes
|-
| [[Home Assistant]] || home-assistant, node red, mosquitto || Compose
|-
| Proxy || proxy, letsencrypt || Stack
|-
| Squeezebox || squeezebox compose || Squeezebox server [http://bellman.wildsong.biz:9000/ SqueezeBox] See [[Streaming media]] for installation notes.
|-
| Traccar || traccar anyd mysql || Stack
|-
| [[Unifi]] || || Stack
|}
 
$ docker stack ls
NAME                SERVICES            ORCHESTRATOR
  dnsmasq            1                  Swarm
proxy              3                  Swarm
traccar            2                  Swarm
 
See also, [[Asterisk in Docker]]
geoserver
Vault
and others...


== History ==
== History ==
2023-11 Replaced NVME with a new one and installed Debian 12 (Bookworm).
2022-03-02 Installed Docker from the Docker repo per https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/#install-using-the-repository so I can use buildx now.
2020-12-03 Installed exim4 and configured to use Sendgrid.
2020-12-01 Moved dnsmasq from Docker container to host, it just was not restarting properly when I rebooted and that would take my entire network offline.
2020-10-18 Moved from garage to structured media panel.
2020-08-05 Intel NUC edition hardware arrived. Installed Ubuntu Server 20.04.1 LTS.
2020-07-29 Bellman, Supermicro edition completely went dark. I set up [[Tern]] as a temporary replacement and ordered an Intel NUC.
2020-01-20 - started generating errors: '''NMI: IOCK error (debug interrupt?) for reason 61 on CPU 0.'''
Then it would not restart. I ended up replacing the CR2032 (did not help) and then reseating the connectors. '''Fixed'''. This system is getting long in the tooth.
2019-10-04 - fix for networking, applied on [[Dart]] too.
update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
2019-10-03 - Upgraded to Debian Buster (10) and this broke Docker because of the move from iptables to nftables. Must fix ASAP. All Dockers are broken. How dismaying. Repeat after me: "It's only a hobby."
2019-05-09 - Added docker-compose for elasticsearch and per recommendations of ElasticSearch docker docs, changed vm.max_map_count; it was 65530 and I set it: sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144
2019-04-26 - Moving NVMe WDC Black drive from Murre to Bellman.
2018-03-20 - Installed 8TB Archive drive, for TimeMachine and Owncloud storage. Moved from 120GB SSD to 750GB Samsung Evo 840.
Installed clean copy of Stretch on the SSD.
2017-09-06 - Upgrade to 32GB RAM, yay! I need to do something with all that space. I did move /tmp to RAM; see [[SSD optimizations]]. I also removed a lot of dead code including lightdm (how'd that get in there?)
[/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection <nowiki>[email protected]</nowiki>]:~$ free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache  available
Mem:      32937080    2287376    '''27811208'''      25700    2838496    30153064
2017-08-25 - Migrated mariabdb and owncloud to Docker
2017-07-25 - Migrated logitech media server to Docker
2017-07-25 - Upgraded to Debian 9 (Stretch)
2016-10-16 - Seeing disk errors in the WDC. It's 6 years old! REPLACE!!! ''Installed new Seagate Barracuda ST2000DM006 2TB $70 10-26-16''
Added a fan in the hard drive section of the case, too.
2016-01-26 - Installed [[VirtualBox]] 5.0.14 and [[Vagrant]] 1.8.1 (from DEB files, repos are too old) and started migration of services.
2015-12-?? - Moved to hardware formerly used for Vastra2
2015-07-10 - Added lm-sensors and added temperature tracking to Cacti.
2015-07-01 - Replaced APC UPS with Cyberpower. Installed monitoring software.
2015-06-19 - reconnected the MX330 printer and shared it.
2015-06-18 - upgraded to Debian 8 Jessie
2013-12-29 - returned from X-Mas and discovered Bellman won't boot. Snarks about a degraded RAID. Darn.


2013 Mar - Installed Linux Mint 14 so that I could use Makerware with my new [[Replicator 2]]
2013 Mar - Installed Linux Mint 14 so that I could use Makerware with my new [[Replicator 2]]
Line 11: Line 368:
2013 Jan - Seagate Barracuda 2TB Green drive died. ST2000DL003 S/N 5YD77CTE Replaced with a Barracuda 2TB mirror
2013 Jan - Seagate Barracuda 2TB Green drive died. ST2000DL003 S/N 5YD77CTE Replaced with a Barracuda 2TB mirror


2011 Dec - Been doing [[PostGIS]] experiments so I upgraded it.  
2011 Dec - Been doing [[PostGIS]] experiments so I upgraded the hardware.  


2010 Jan - I just started this section but I have had this machine online for at least a couple years now.
2010 Jan - I just started this section but I have had this machine online for at least a couple years now.
=== 2015-06-19 back up ===
Note this includes /home but not /green.
cd /
tar --one-file-system czvf /mnt/bellman_root.tar.gz .
=== 2013-12-29 Rescue from boot fail ===
I no longer need a desktop environment on the small server, because I moved my main desktop next to the 3D printer.
So I put Debian back on the server again. So I am going to try a Debian rescue image.
Diagnosis
Step 1. Build rescue thumbdrive. Download from http://debian.osuosl.org/ and copy image to thumbdrive
sudo cp debian-live-7.2-amd64-rescue.iso /dev/sd'''X'''
sudo sync
sudo eject /dev/sd'''X'''
where '''X''' is the appropriate drive letter, do NOT use the wrong letter!
Step 2. Boot Bellman with the thumb drive
Step 3. Look around
Using hdparm -i
* sda Vertex SSD S/N OCZ-9UDI676M56Z4IR8P
* sdb Seagate 2TB ST2000DM001-9YN164 S/N Z240BVP5
* sdc Seagate 2TB ST2000DM001-9YN164 S/N Z240A0H1
* sdd rescue drive
# '''fdisk -l /dev/sda'''
Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009c7c9
  Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *        2048  218460159  109229056  83  Linux
/dev/sda2      218462206  234440703    7989249    5  Extended
/dev/sda5      218462208  234440703    7989248  82  Linux swap / Solaris
sdb and sdc don't have partition tables as they are used in a RAID (see 2013 Jan entry)
See [[LVM]] page
<pre>
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda[1]
      117218240 blocks [2/1] [_U]
     
md127 : active raid1 sdb[0] sdc[1]
      1953514496 blocks [2/2] [UU]
     
unused devices: <none>
mdadm --detail /dev/md126
/dev/md126:
        Version : 0.90
  Creation Time : Thu Feb 21 06:23:36 2013
    Raid Level : raid1
    Array Size : 117218240 (111.79 GiB 120.03 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 117218240 (111.79 GiB 120.03 GB)
  Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
Preferred Minor : 126
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent
    Update Time : Thu Feb 21 06:30:49 2013
          State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0
          UUID : 9f48e120:81a0f612:edd8d016:611227ea
        Events : 0.12
    Number  Major  Minor  RaidDevice State
      0      0        0        0      removed
      1      8        0        1      active sync  /dev/sda
mdadm --detail /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 0.90
  Creation Time : Mon Jan  7 04:12:45 2013
    Raid Level : raid1
    Array Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
  Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 127
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent
    Update Time : Mon Dec 30 17:21:21 2013
          State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0
          UUID : 462f6c0c:68770b3a:b268e686:64f77a36
        Events : 0.131
    Number  Major  Minor  RaidDevice State
      0      8      16        0      active sync  /dev/sdb
      1      8      32        1      active sync  /dev/sdc
</pre>
Looks like there are 2 RAID's, and md126 is the broken one. It should be the SSD and something else? Time to open the box and see what's in there.
<pre>
fdisk /dev/md126
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/md126: 120.0 GB, 120031477760 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14592 cylinders, total 234436480 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009c7c9
      Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/md126p1  *        2048  218460159  109229056  83  Linux
/dev/md126p2      218462206  234440703    7989249    5  Extended
/dev/md126p5      218462208  234440703    7989248  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help):
</pre>
Conclusion - I was planning on doing RAID mirror and never got the second drive installed. I think I might have used it in
[[Stellar]] instead. Steller's drive failed and needed immediate replacement. Something failed on the SSD and now it's not booting, but this has nothing to do with the hardware from what I can tell. It complains about the RAID missing a drive but that's not new.
=== 2014 Jan 01 rebuild ===
Do as in the Linux Mint section below
Also note:
PRESERVE MYSQL!!
/etc/hdparm.conf


=== 2013 Jan data mirror build ===
=== 2013 Jan data mirror build ===


  apt-get install mdadm lvm2
  apt-get install mdadm lvm2
  mdadm --create --metadata=0.90 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/md_d0 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
  mdadm --create --metadata=0.90 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
  cat /proc/mdstat  
  cat /proc/mdstat  
  pvcreate /dev/md_d0
  pvcreate /dev/md0
  vgcreate vg_mirror /dev/md_d0
  vgcreate vg_mirror /dev/md0
  lvcreate --verbose --extents 100%FREE -n lv_mirror vg_mirror
  lvcreate --verbose --extents 100%FREE -n lv_mirror vg_mirror
  mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_mirror/lv_mirror  
  mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_mirror/lv_mirror  
Line 27: Line 533:
  dd if=/dev/zero of=/green/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=1048576
  dd if=/dev/zero of=/green/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=1048576


cat /etc/fstab
=== 2013 Mar Linux Mint rebuild ===
proc            /proc          proc    defaults        0      0
 
# / was on /dev/sda3 during installation
Had to install mdadm and lvm2 but then it recognized the LVM drives
UUID=1a5a1c36-eee7-44f0-852c-418aec9acd0b /              ext4    errors=remount-ro,noatime,user_xattr,discard 0      1
All I had to do was mount the RAID on /green.
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
 
UUID=36e3eacb-80a5-4d14-a598-05acb098c04e /boot          ext4    noatime,discard        0      2
sudo apt-get install synaptic nfs-kernel-server ssh mysql-server phpmyadmin ntp winbind smartmontools postfix
/dev/sdd1      /media/cdrom0  udf,iso9660 user,noauto        0      0
 
/dev/sdf1      /media/usb0    auto    rw,user,noauto          0      0
Re-install dropbox
#
 
tmpfs          /tmp            tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0      0
Re-install [http://www.mysqueezebox.com/download squeezeboxserver] from Logitech.
tmpfs          /var/tmp        tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0      0
http://bellman:9000/
tmpfs          /var/run        tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=755  0      0
tmpfs          /var/lock      tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0      0
tmpfs          /var/log        tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=755  0      0
#
# This is really /dev/sdb1, need to use UUID to keep nfs happy,
#UUID=4fb5805d-9958-4cfc-a16c-ebafe7585bbf /green xfs noatime     0     0
#
# swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation
#UUID=54eec143-aa53-40c5-b91a-d8cc69d39f11 none  swap  sw            0      0
/dev/vg_mirror/lv_mirror /green ext4 noatime 0 0
/green/swapfile1 none  swap sw      0 0


=== December 2011 upgrade ===
Set up cups again


Bellman had an Intel Little Falls Atom 230 mini-itx main board + 2GB RAM until Dec 2011. Bellman used to be an Athlon desktop system, I recycled the name because I like it. I no longer use any full-size desktop systems at home.
Copy over /etc/exports file


== Hardware ==
Need AFP support for Apple Timemachine. See [[Netatalk 3 on Debian]]


* ASRock E350M1/USB3 AMD E-350 APU (1.6GHz, Dual-Core) AMD A50M Hudson M1 Mini ITX Motherboard $125
=== December 2011 upgrade ===
* Kingston 8GB (2 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) Desktop Memory Model KVR1333D3N9K2/8G $35
* OCZ Agility 3 AGT3-25SAT3-60G 2.5" 60GB SATA III MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) $99
* Case: brand name?? need to look it up. Cost about $50 250W power supply
* /dev/sdb Seagate Barracuda 2.0TB Model=ST2000DM001-9YN164, FwRev=CC4B, SerialNo=Z240BVP5
* /dev/sdc Seagate Barracuda 2.0TB Model=ST2000DM001-9YN164, FwRev=CC4B, SerialNo=Z240A0H1
* in USB enclosure: "Green" WD Caviar 500 GB drive. WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0 s/n WD-WCASU2227103


=== Video drivers ===
Bellman had an Intel Little Falls Atom 230 mini-itx main board + 2GB RAM until Dec 2011. Bellman used to be an Athlon desktop system, I recycled the name because I like it.


I have a Hauppage USB - TV interface and
== Hardware ==
I just tried running "tvtime" and discovered that it's not happy with the video drivers in the new set up.
<pre>
bellman:~$ inxi -Fx
System:
  Host: bellman Kernel: 6.1.0-21-amd64 arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 12.2.0
    Console: pty pts/0 Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Machine:
  Type: Mini-pc System: Intel Client Systems product: NUC10i5FNH v: K61160-303
    serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: Intel model: NUC10i5FNB v: K61361-303 serial: <superuser required> UEFI: Intel
    v: FNCML357.0038.2020.0131.1422 date: 01/31/2020
CPU:
  Info: quad core model: Intel Core i5-10210U bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Comet/Whiskey Lake
    note: check rev: C cache: L1: 256 KiB L2: 1024 KiB L3: 6 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 500 high: 800 min/max: 400/4200 cores: 1: 400 2: 400 3: 800 4: 800 5: 400
    6: 400 7: 400 8: 400 bogomips: 33599
  Flags: avx avx2 ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx
Graphics:
  Device-1: Intel CometLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics] driver: i915 v: kernel arch: Gen-9.5
    bus-ID: 00:02.0
  Display: server: No display server data found. Headless machine? tty: 112x24
  API: OpenGL Message: GL data unavailable in console. Try -G --display
Audio:
  Device-1: Intel Comet Lake PCH-LP cAVS driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus-ID: 00:1f.3
  API: ALSA v: k6.1.0-21-amd64 status: kernel-api
Network:
  Device-1: Intel Ethernet I219-V driver: e1000e v: kernel port: N/A bus-ID: 00:1f.6
  IF: eno1 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 1c:69:7a:67:a9:76
  IF-ID-1: br-0deef3cf3b16 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:ea:ed:30:4d
  IF-ID-2: br-1abc8acede4e state: down mac: 02:42:28:b1:11:35
  IF-ID-3: br-3596ed8c023f state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:ab:f9:d2:52
  IF-ID-4: br-3a14003316ab state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:96:9a:03:cb
  IF-ID-5: br-53d612b820e4 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:64:bf:2f:5e
  IF-ID-6: br-76e52b16b02c state: down mac: 02:42:2d:12:cc:8a
  IF-ID-7: br-7f875566c220 state: down mac: 02:42:7e:19:cc:d8
  IF-ID-8: br-a2f5bc89e1f9 state: down mac: 02:42:ad:87:11:41
  IF-ID-9: br-d98f5362c5c1 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:d2:91:ed:18
  IF-ID-10: docker0 state: down mac: 02:42:39:5e:2c:b4
  IF-ID-11: veth1b63b5b state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 32:8c:f1:c3:a3:3e
  IF-ID-12: veth20059e6 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 96:b2:5e:72:41:4a
  IF-ID-13: veth3c22098 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: e6:d2:d6:4d:6e:2e
  IF-ID-14: veth70f35dd state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 8e:5d:2c:2d:dd:41
  IF-ID-15: veth71476e6 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: ee:7c:c8:f9:2f:36
  IF-ID-16: veth835c0e3 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 12:aa:36:a2:26:c6
  IF-ID-17: veth838f419 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 4a:7b:ad:1c:58:6a
  IF-ID-18: veth9c763bb state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 6e:60:7c:0b:ad:4e
  IF-ID-19: vethb2eb4bf state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 52:dd:e6:0d:e7:41
  IF-ID-20: vethbf1c6b9 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: fa:cb:12:b2:17:e8
  IF-ID-21: vethe236ee0 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: ea:4e:61:03:02:64
  IF-ID-22: vethe725186 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: a2:e3:35:fc:30:cc
  IF-ID-23: vethfa384da state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 42:48:c3:7f:c4:87
Bluetooth:
  Device-1: Intel AX201 Bluetooth type: USB driver: btusb v: 0.8 bus-ID: 1-10:2
  Report: rfkill ID: hci0 rfk-id: 0 state: down bt-service: not found rfk-block: hardware: no
    software: no address: see --recommends
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 2.75 TiB used: 243.34 GiB (8.6%)
  ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 vendor: TeamGroup model: TM8FPD001T size: 953.87 GiB temp: 30.9 C
  ID-2: /dev/sda type: USB vendor: Seagate model: ST2000DM 006-2DM164 size: 1.82 TiB
Partition:
  ID-1: / size: 952.41 GiB used: 124.27 GiB (13.0%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2
  ID-2: /boot/efi size: 511 MiB used: 5.8 MiB (1.1%) fs: vfat dev: /dev/nvme0n1p1
Swap:
  ID-1: swap-1 type: partition size: 977 MiB used: 332.8 MiB (34.1%) dev: /dev/nvme0n1p3
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 46.0 C pch: 42.0 C mobo: N/A
  Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Info:
  Processes: 324 Uptime: 104d 23h 33m Memory: 31.06 GiB used: 2.31 GiB (7.4%) Init: systemd
  target: graphical (5) Compilers: gcc: 12.2.0 Packages: 1191 Shell: Bash v: 5.2.15 inxi: 3.3.26
</pre>


The ASRock card has an onboard AMD Radeon HD 6310 graphics chip.
=== Intel NUC edition, born 8/5/2020 ===
Therefore I need to follow these instructions: http://wiki.debian.org
* [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/189239/intel-nuc-10-performance-kit-nuc10i5fnh/specifications.html Intel NUC10i5FNH] (Newegg 7/29/20)
** 4 core i5 CPU (hyperthreaded, 8 threads)
** WiFi (Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX201)
** Bluetooth 5.2
** IR sensor
** Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C)
** 7.1 HD Audio
** Digital mic array
* Kingston Technology Corp. HX429S17IBK2/32 '''32GB''' 2933MHZ DDR4 (2 16GB SODIMM) (Newegg 7/29/20) Note, MAX is 64GB
* Team Group MP33 PRO M.2 2280 '''1TB''' S/N TPBF2308210070300362 5 year warranty (Newegg 11/23) 
* '''REPLACED 11/23''' - WD Black '''512GB''' Performance SSD - M.2 2280 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive - WDS512G1X0C (moved from Supermicro)
* '''REMOVED --''' Corsair Neutron at /workspace '''240GB''' /dev/sda s/n 124479060000190702E2
It has GEN3 PCIe which means this WD Black NVME is about as fast as it will ever get.


% lspci -v | grep VGA
==== Audio ====
00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Device 9802 (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Flags: bus master, VGA palette snoop, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 64


Dang but the '''aticonfig --initial''' command fails, unsupported hardware!
I note that it says it has a microphone array, and that appears to show up in dmesg so I guess it's true?
This might mean I need to move the computer up someplace where it can listen to me?


Maybe getting the driver from [http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/Pages/radeon_linux.aspx AMD support page] will do it but I don't have time right now to deal with this.
It says it has a DSP too.


See http://www.sensicomm.com/main/linux/acer_5253/index.shtml
=== Supermicro version, deceased 7/29/20 ===


== Software ==
Local copy of motherboard manual [[File:SuperMicro_SYS5018A.pdf]]


Debian 6.0
Audio output: NuForce UDAC 2


'''Media server:''' it hosts my music collection. I keep the files in MP3 format, having transferred them from my CD's using grip. [[Music collection]]
Newegg 03/26/2019 2 Noctua 40mm x 20mm system fans <br />
Newegg 09/03/2017 Inv 153021116 <br />
Newegg 10/16/2016 Inv 143374043 <br />
Newegg 11/21/2014 Inv 120335149 <br />


'''File server:''' I keep my home directory here and NFS mount it on the desktop machine [[Raven]]. Bellman also runs Samba so that my laptop can access files on it.
* [https://www.supermicro.com/products/system/1U/5018/SYS-5018A-FTN4.cfm SUPERMICRO SYS-5018A-FTN4 1U Rackmount Server Barebone FCBGA 1283 DDR3 1600/1333]
* SUPERMICRO MCP-220-00051-0N Single 2.5" Fixed HDD Mounting Bracket
* 4 x Kingston 8GB 204-Pin DDR3 SO-DIMM ECC Unbuffered DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Server Memory Model KVR16LSE11 (3 added 2017-09-07)
* sda = Samsung SSD 840 EVO 750GB
* sdb = Seagate Archive 8TB (Installed 3/18/18, purchased 9/03/17)
* WD Black 512GB Performance SSD - M.2 2280 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive - WDS512G1X0C (moved from [[Murre]])


'''VMWare Workstation''': Since it's in my electronics lab, I can run Windows XP on this machine in a virtual machine, so that I can do development work using Microchip's MPLab PIC tools. More and more though the tools available under Ubuntu are making this less necessary.
eth0 00:25:90:F7:37:72


For Python I have [[Komodo]] IDE
Bellman is configured to bring up a management interface on this ethernet interface too. (Optionally there is a separate management interface. This server has 5 ethernet ports, 4 on the motherboard and 1 on the management card.) Since it's a Supermicro possibly it can be pwned at any time by the Chinese. Since I don't use Bellman to control centrifuges or do weapons research I live with it.
I also have the [[wxPython]] stuff loaded.
I edit files with  
'''emacs23'''


I use '''eagle''' to view and edit schematics and circuit boards.
[[Category: Don't Panic!]]
[[Category: System Administration]]
[[Category: Computers]]

Latest revision as of 22:23, 24 November 2024

Bellman is a very small Linux server. Currently its primary job is to run Docker containers.

"What's the good of Mercator's North Poles and Equators,
Tropics, Zones, and Meridian Lines?"'
 So the Bellman would cry: and the crew would reply
"They are merely conventional signs!"
--Lewis Carroll, The Hunting of the Snark

todo

complete backups (see section below)

8/5/20 There is a partial rsync of Supermicro Bellman on Wenda in ~bwilson/bellman.

Stupid AppArmor complaint

I finally fixed the error that was being logged once per minute endlessly, 

[192526.044351] audit: type=1400 audit(1649031318.465:3607): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="/usr/sbin/ntpd" name="/snap/bin/" pid=845699 comm="ntpd" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=0

I put this in /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.ntpd 

 /snap/bin/ r,

then I did this and checked for errors.. I deleted /etc/apparmor.d/disable/usr.sbin.rsyslogd to eliminate a whine 

systemctl reload apparmor.service
systemctl status apparmor.service


Audio notes

For a few months Bellman lived in my structured media panel. Now he and Wenda are back in the lab again where they can be on a UPS.

Bellman is powered on all the time so it should look like this,

Murre line out => line in Bellman line out => Speakers

But there is no line out on Bellman. I have a single headphone jack for an audio connector. So much for that idea.

Streaming audio to speakers connected directly.

  1. Test bellman audio.
    1. Output to speakers, set up alsamixer and play a file and see if sound comes out.
  • play /usr/share/sounds/sound-icons/violoncello-7.wav
    1. Input from microphone array

They say there is one?

In the old Supermicro days, it was possible to route the audio through Bellman via this magic command from https://askubuntu.com/questions/211136/get-the-audio-from-line-in-to-output-to-the-speaker 

#manually start the module-loopback
pactl load-module module-loopback

#configure your system to load module-loopback on startup
#this places load-module module-loopback at the end of
#the /etc/pulse/default.pa pulseaudio configuration file.
sudo sh -c ' echo "load-module module-loopback" >>  /etc/pulse/default.pa '

Now sound can pass through. Since Bellman is always running, he gets to be connected directly to the speakers. This command will not work without a display, 

pavucontrol

Streaming audio to another sink

How I can route audio from Docker containers to a speaker somewhere else in the house? I want the Pi Zero living in the kitchen needs to accept a stream over WiFi. https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=136474

Software

  • 2023-11-30 Debian 12 "Bookworm"
  • 202? Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS ("focal"), upgraded to 22.04 LTS ("jammy")

apt packages

This is a list of things added after a basic installation of Ubuntu. The goal this time out is to put every service into a Docker container, so packages added is minimal. 

autofs
emacs-nox fail2ban mlocate 
net-tools
nfs-common (needed to mount synology volumes locally, notably /green/music)
lm-sensors (use "sensors-detect" to config and "sensors" to read core temperatures)
rsync sudo

Left over from Ubuntu Bellman 

pulseaudio pulseaudio-utils avahi-daemon
pavumeter pavucontrol ubuntu-sounds
timeshift

additional software

Not installed from the standard Debian repositories

Conda - Miniconda3 is installed in my home directory.

Docker: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/debian/ Remember to add your account to the docker group.

Disable IPV6

Create this file, then reload sysctl 

root@bellman:/etc/sysctl.d# cat 10-disable_ipv6.conf
# 2024-11-24
# Disabling the IPv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.wlan0.disable_ipv6 = 1

sysctl --system

Check with ip addr command, look for ipv6 addresses. They should be gone.

Firewall

This is all different under Ubuntu. Hmm.

See https://blog.daknob.net/debian-firewall-docker/ for ideas.

I use my own bash script to load iptables rules. See /usr/local/bin, /etc/network, and /var/lib/vastra.

Email

I gave up on Dockerizing this for now. Ubuntu wisely switched from exim4 to postfix at Jammy.

But Bellman is currently running exim4 so anyways I set it up as a smarthost https://askubuntu.com/questions/167043/how-do-i-configure-exim4-to-send-mail-through-a-password-protected-ssl-smtp-mail using Porkbun. https://kb.porkbun.com/article/146-email-client-configuration-settings


I had to change the exim4 config with dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config followed by update-exim4.conf and systemctl restart exim4

I had to login to porkbun in /etc/exim4/passwd.client

I had to rewrite the sender in /etc/exim4/conf.d/rewrite/00_exim4-config_header like this

^[email protected] [email protected] SFfrs

Printing

The Brother printer is currently connected to Wenda not Bellman. When it was, I found the Linux drivers for my HL-L2320D printer didn't work, so I set up a raw driver on Bellman and then used the appropriate driver (manually selected) on client computers. It works fine.

Allow remote access

cupsctl --remote-admin --remote-any --share-printers

I also had to edit and add to /etc/cups/cupsd.conf 

HostNameLookups on

and then 

systemctl restart cups

NFS mounts

The Synology is automounted via the autofs package on /net/wenda/volume1/* I had to uncomment the /net line in /etc/auto.master to enable this.

Backups

Strategy -- back up to one of three USB drives. Keep one offsite, someplace?

borgjs setup

See ~bwilson/Backups/README.md. Output goes to an attached USB drive.

First time out, you must initialize the repository. 

fdisk /dev/sdb
mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdb1
mount /dev/sdb1 /media/Backups
borg init -e none /media/Backups

I opt for no encryption when going to an attached hard drive.

See https://github.com/vesparny/borgjs

My system is not smart enough yet to mount the drives itself, so when I swap them out I have to do a mount operation, (first make sure you have the right device.) 

mount /dev/sdb1 /media/Backups

I tried putting it in a Docker and gave up. It's installed on Bellman, directly. The docker seemed to run and never terminate, this is disturbing. How can I check the status? I wrote a script for that, run "./check_status.sh". But the script does not need docker.

Recovery

If I can't recover a file from a backup, I need to find a different strategy.

Today I pretend I want just one file, so I do this: list the backups and pick one, mount it, copy. 

sudo borg list /media/Backups
sudo borg mount /media/Backups::20240822-125406 /mnt

Don't forget when you are done to unmount. 

sudo umount /mnt

Home Assistant backups

2023-1-1 working

Nightly backup of sqlite3 databases and loose files in config directory, to /net/wenda/volume1/Wildsong/Backups/home-assistant/

BBR congestion

See https://www.cyberciti.biz/cloud-computing/increase-your-linux-server-internet-speed-with-tcp-bbr-congestion-control/ for example.

Is kernel ready? 

uname -a
Linux bellman 4.9.0-3-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.30-2+deb9u2 (2017-06-26) x86_64 GNU/Linux
grep 'CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BBR' /boot/config-$(uname -r)
grep 'CONFIG_NET_SCH_FQ' /boot/config-$(uname -r)
egrep 'CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BBR|CONFIG_NET_SCH_FQ' /boot/config-$(uname -r)

sudo -s 
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/10-custom-kernel-bbr.conf <<EOF
net.core.default_qdisc=fq
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr
EOF

'''sysctl --system'''
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/10-custom-kernel-bbr.conf ...
net.core.default_qdisc = fq
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/30-postgresql-shm.conf ...
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf ...
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
* Applying /etc/sysctl.d/asterisk.conf ...
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.core_pattern = /tmp/core-%e-%s-%u-%g-%p-%t
fs.suid_dumpable = 2
* Applying /etc/sysctl.conf ...
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

That's that.

Services that run here

  • git moved to Synology Wenda (see Running my own git server)
  • Brother printer moved to Wenda
  • gpsd welll --- not in Astoria, not yet anyway. :-(
  • ssh to allow remote access
  • fail2ban to cut off break in attempts via ssh

DNS

I tried to get dnsmasq to happily live in a container and failed (it would not come back up on reboots.) So dnsmasq runs on the host.

Network syslog

To allow devices such as [[Granstream GXV3240] phones to spit out logging information, I enable rsyslog from remote hosts: In /etc/rsyslog.conf you must uncomment 2 lines and restart rsyslogd: 

# provides UDP syslog reception
module(load="imudp")
input(type="imudp" port="514")

Services in Docker containers

/etc/docker/daemon.json looks like this 

{
   "data-root": "/var/lib/docker",
   "storage-driver": "overlay2",
   "dns" : ["127.0.0.11", "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1"],
   "dns-search":["wildsong.biz"]
}
service containers notes
Home Assistant home-assistant, node red, mosquitto Compose
Proxy proxy, letsencrypt Stack
Squeezebox squeezebox compose Squeezebox server SqueezeBox See Streaming media for installation notes.
Traccar traccar anyd mysql Stack
Unifi Stack 
$ docker stack ls
NAME                SERVICES            ORCHESTRATOR
dnsmasq             1                   Swarm
proxy               3                   Swarm
traccar             2                   Swarm

See also, Asterisk in Docker geoserver Vault and others...

History

2023-11 Replaced NVME with a new one and installed Debian 12 (Bookworm).

2022-03-02 Installed Docker from the Docker repo per https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/#install-using-the-repository so I can use buildx now.

2020-12-03 Installed exim4 and configured to use Sendgrid.

2020-12-01 Moved dnsmasq from Docker container to host, it just was not restarting properly when I rebooted and that would take my entire network offline.

2020-10-18 Moved from garage to structured media panel.

2020-08-05 Intel NUC edition hardware arrived. Installed Ubuntu Server 20.04.1 LTS.

2020-07-29 Bellman, Supermicro edition completely went dark. I set up Tern as a temporary replacement and ordered an Intel NUC.

2020-01-20 - started generating errors: NMI: IOCK error (debug interrupt?) for reason 61 on CPU 0. Then it would not restart. I ended up replacing the CR2032 (did not help) and then reseating the connectors. Fixed. This system is getting long in the tooth.

2019-10-04 - fix for networking, applied on Dart too. 

update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy

2019-10-03 - Upgraded to Debian Buster (10) and this broke Docker because of the move from iptables to nftables. Must fix ASAP. All Dockers are broken. How dismaying. Repeat after me: "It's only a hobby."

2019-05-09 - Added docker-compose for elasticsearch and per recommendations of ElasticSearch docker docs, changed vm.max_map_count; it was 65530 and I set it: sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144

2019-04-26 - Moving NVMe WDC Black drive from Murre to Bellman.

2018-03-20 - Installed 8TB Archive drive, for TimeMachine and Owncloud storage. Moved from 120GB SSD to 750GB Samsung Evo 840. Installed clean copy of Stretch on the SSD.

2017-09-06 - Upgrade to 32GB RAM, yay! I need to do something with all that space. I did move /tmp to RAM; see SSD optimizations. I also removed a lot of dead code including lightdm (how'd that get in there?) 

[/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection [email protected]]:~$ free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:       32937080     2287376    27811208       25700     2838496    30153064


2017-08-25 - Migrated mariabdb and owncloud to Docker

2017-07-25 - Migrated logitech media server to Docker

2017-07-25 - Upgraded to Debian 9 (Stretch)

2016-10-16 - Seeing disk errors in the WDC. It's 6 years old! REPLACE!!! Installed new Seagate Barracuda ST2000DM006 2TB $70 10-26-16 Added a fan in the hard drive section of the case, too.

2016-01-26 - Installed VirtualBox 5.0.14 and Vagrant 1.8.1 (from DEB files, repos are too old) and started migration of services.

2015-12-?? - Moved to hardware formerly used for Vastra2

2015-07-10 - Added lm-sensors and added temperature tracking to Cacti.

2015-07-01 - Replaced APC UPS with Cyberpower. Installed monitoring software.

2015-06-19 - reconnected the MX330 printer and shared it.

2015-06-18 - upgraded to Debian 8 Jessie

2013-12-29 - returned from X-Mas and discovered Bellman won't boot. Snarks about a degraded RAID. Darn.

2013 Mar - Installed Linux Mint 14 so that I could use Makerware with my new Replicator 2

2013 Jan - Seagate Barracuda 2TB Green drive died. ST2000DL003 S/N 5YD77CTE Replaced with a Barracuda 2TB mirror

2011 Dec - Been doing PostGIS experiments so I upgraded the hardware.

2010 Jan - I just started this section but I have had this machine online for at least a couple years now.

2015-06-19 back up

Note this includes /home but not /green. 

cd /
tar --one-file-system czvf /mnt/bellman_root.tar.gz .

2013-12-29 Rescue from boot fail

I no longer need a desktop environment on the small server, because I moved my main desktop next to the 3D printer. So I put Debian back on the server again. So I am going to try a Debian rescue image.

Diagnosis

Step 1. Build rescue thumbdrive. Download from http://debian.osuosl.org/ and copy image to thumbdrive 

sudo cp debian-live-7.2-amd64-rescue.iso /dev/sdX
sudo sync
sudo eject /dev/sdX

where X is the appropriate drive letter, do NOT use the wrong letter!

Step 2. Boot Bellman with the thumb drive

Step 3. Look around

Using hdparm -i

  • sda Vertex SSD S/N OCZ-9UDI676M56Z4IR8P
  • sdb Seagate 2TB ST2000DM001-9YN164 S/N Z240BVP5
  • sdc Seagate 2TB ST2000DM001-9YN164 S/N Z240A0H1
  • sdd rescue drive
# fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009c7c9

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   218460159   109229056   83  Linux
/dev/sda2       218462206   234440703     7989249    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       218462208   234440703     7989248   82  Linux swap / Solaris

sdb and sdc don't have partition tables as they are used in a RAID (see 2013 Jan entry)

See LVM page 

cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid1] 
md126 : active raid1 sda[1]
      117218240 blocks [2/1] [_U]
      
md127 : active raid1 sdb[0] sdc[1]
      1953514496 blocks [2/2] [UU]
      
unused devices: <none>

mdadm --detail /dev/md126
/dev/md126:
        Version : 0.90
  Creation Time : Thu Feb 21 06:23:36 2013
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 117218240 (111.79 GiB 120.03 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 117218240 (111.79 GiB 120.03 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
Preferred Minor : 126
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Thu Feb 21 06:30:49 2013
          State : clean, degraded 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           UUID : 9f48e120:81a0f612:edd8d016:611227ea
         Events : 0.12

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       1       8        0        1      active sync   /dev/sda

mdadm --detail /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 0.90
  Creation Time : Mon Jan  7 04:12:45 2013
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 127
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Mon Dec 30 17:21:21 2013
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           UUID : 462f6c0c:68770b3a:b268e686:64f77a36
         Events : 0.131

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       16        0      active sync   /dev/sdb
       1       8       32        1      active sync   /dev/sdc

Looks like there are 2 RAID's, and md126 is the broken one. It should be the SSD and something else? Time to open the box and see what's in there. 

fdisk /dev/md126

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/md126: 120.0 GB, 120031477760 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14592 cylinders, total 234436480 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009c7c9

      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/md126p1   *        2048   218460159   109229056   83  Linux
/dev/md126p2       218462206   234440703     7989249    5  Extended
/dev/md126p5       218462208   234440703     7989248   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help):

Conclusion - I was planning on doing RAID mirror and never got the second drive installed. I think I might have used it in Stellar instead. Steller's drive failed and needed immediate replacement. Something failed on the SSD and now it's not booting, but this has nothing to do with the hardware from what I can tell. It complains about the RAID missing a drive but that's not new.

2014 Jan 01 rebuild

Do as in the Linux Mint section below

Also note:

PRESERVE MYSQL!!

/etc/hdparm.conf

2013 Jan data mirror build

apt-get install mdadm lvm2
mdadm --create --metadata=0.90 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
cat /proc/mdstat 
pvcreate /dev/md0 
vgcreate vg_mirror /dev/md0 
lvcreate --verbose --extents 100%FREE -n lv_mirror vg_mirror
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_mirror/lv_mirror 
mount /dev/vg_mirror/lv_mirror /green
dd if=/dev/zero of=/green/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=1048576

2013 Mar Linux Mint rebuild

Had to install mdadm and lvm2 but then it recognized the LVM drives All I had to do was mount the RAID on /green.

sudo apt-get install synaptic nfs-kernel-server ssh mysql-server phpmyadmin ntp winbind smartmontools postfix

Re-install dropbox

Re-install squeezeboxserver from Logitech. http://bellman:9000/

Set up cups again

Copy over /etc/exports file

Need AFP support for Apple Timemachine. See Netatalk 3 on Debian

December 2011 upgrade

Bellman had an Intel Little Falls Atom 230 mini-itx main board + 2GB RAM until Dec 2011. Bellman used to be an Athlon desktop system, I recycled the name because I like it.

Hardware

bellman:~$ inxi -Fx
System:
  Host: bellman Kernel: 6.1.0-21-amd64 arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 12.2.0
    Console: pty pts/0 Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Machine:
  Type: Mini-pc System: Intel Client Systems product: NUC10i5FNH v: K61160-303
    serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: Intel model: NUC10i5FNB v: K61361-303 serial: <superuser required> UEFI: Intel
    v: FNCML357.0038.2020.0131.1422 date: 01/31/2020
CPU:
  Info: quad core model: Intel Core i5-10210U bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Comet/Whiskey Lake
    note: check rev: C cache: L1: 256 KiB L2: 1024 KiB L3: 6 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 500 high: 800 min/max: 400/4200 cores: 1: 400 2: 400 3: 800 4: 800 5: 400
    6: 400 7: 400 8: 400 bogomips: 33599
  Flags: avx avx2 ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx
Graphics:
  Device-1: Intel CometLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics] driver: i915 v: kernel arch: Gen-9.5
    bus-ID: 00:02.0
  Display: server: No display server data found. Headless machine? tty: 112x24
  API: OpenGL Message: GL data unavailable in console. Try -G --display
Audio:
  Device-1: Intel Comet Lake PCH-LP cAVS driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus-ID: 00:1f.3
  API: ALSA v: k6.1.0-21-amd64 status: kernel-api
Network:
  Device-1: Intel Ethernet I219-V driver: e1000e v: kernel port: N/A bus-ID: 00:1f.6
  IF: eno1 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 1c:69:7a:67:a9:76
  IF-ID-1: br-0deef3cf3b16 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:ea:ed:30:4d
  IF-ID-2: br-1abc8acede4e state: down mac: 02:42:28:b1:11:35
  IF-ID-3: br-3596ed8c023f state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:ab:f9:d2:52
  IF-ID-4: br-3a14003316ab state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:96:9a:03:cb
  IF-ID-5: br-53d612b820e4 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:64:bf:2f:5e
  IF-ID-6: br-76e52b16b02c state: down mac: 02:42:2d:12:cc:8a
  IF-ID-7: br-7f875566c220 state: down mac: 02:42:7e:19:cc:d8
  IF-ID-8: br-a2f5bc89e1f9 state: down mac: 02:42:ad:87:11:41
  IF-ID-9: br-d98f5362c5c1 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: unknown mac: 02:42:d2:91:ed:18
  IF-ID-10: docker0 state: down mac: 02:42:39:5e:2c:b4
  IF-ID-11: veth1b63b5b state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 32:8c:f1:c3:a3:3e
  IF-ID-12: veth20059e6 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 96:b2:5e:72:41:4a
  IF-ID-13: veth3c22098 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: e6:d2:d6:4d:6e:2e
  IF-ID-14: veth70f35dd state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 8e:5d:2c:2d:dd:41
  IF-ID-15: veth71476e6 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: ee:7c:c8:f9:2f:36
  IF-ID-16: veth835c0e3 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 12:aa:36:a2:26:c6
  IF-ID-17: veth838f419 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 4a:7b:ad:1c:58:6a
  IF-ID-18: veth9c763bb state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 6e:60:7c:0b:ad:4e
  IF-ID-19: vethb2eb4bf state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 52:dd:e6:0d:e7:41
  IF-ID-20: vethbf1c6b9 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: fa:cb:12:b2:17:e8
  IF-ID-21: vethe236ee0 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: ea:4e:61:03:02:64
  IF-ID-22: vethe725186 state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: a2:e3:35:fc:30:cc
  IF-ID-23: vethfa384da state: up speed: 10000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 42:48:c3:7f:c4:87
Bluetooth:
  Device-1: Intel AX201 Bluetooth type: USB driver: btusb v: 0.8 bus-ID: 1-10:2
  Report: rfkill ID: hci0 rfk-id: 0 state: down bt-service: not found rfk-block: hardware: no
    software: no address: see --recommends
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 2.75 TiB used: 243.34 GiB (8.6%)
  ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 vendor: TeamGroup model: TM8FPD001T size: 953.87 GiB temp: 30.9 C
  ID-2: /dev/sda type: USB vendor: Seagate model: ST2000DM 006-2DM164 size: 1.82 TiB
Partition:
  ID-1: / size: 952.41 GiB used: 124.27 GiB (13.0%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2
  ID-2: /boot/efi size: 511 MiB used: 5.8 MiB (1.1%) fs: vfat dev: /dev/nvme0n1p1
Swap:
  ID-1: swap-1 type: partition size: 977 MiB used: 332.8 MiB (34.1%) dev: /dev/nvme0n1p3
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 46.0 C pch: 42.0 C mobo: N/A
  Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Info:
  Processes: 324 Uptime: 104d 23h 33m Memory: 31.06 GiB used: 2.31 GiB (7.4%) Init: systemd
  target: graphical (5) Compilers: gcc: 12.2.0 Packages: 1191 Shell: Bash v: 5.2.15 inxi: 3.3.26

Intel NUC edition, born 8/5/2020

  • Intel NUC10i5FNH (Newegg 7/29/20)
    • 4 core i5 CPU (hyperthreaded, 8 threads)
    • WiFi (Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX201)
    • Bluetooth 5.2
    • IR sensor
    • Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C)
    • 7.1 HD Audio
    • Digital mic array
  • Kingston Technology Corp. HX429S17IBK2/32 32GB 2933MHZ DDR4 (2 16GB SODIMM) (Newegg 7/29/20) Note, MAX is 64GB
  • Team Group MP33 PRO M.2 2280 1TB S/N TPBF2308210070300362 5 year warranty (Newegg 11/23)
  • REPLACED 11/23 - WD Black 512GB Performance SSD - M.2 2280 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive - WDS512G1X0C (moved from Supermicro)
  • REMOVED -- Corsair Neutron at /workspace 240GB /dev/sda s/n 124479060000190702E2

It has GEN3 PCIe which means this WD Black NVME is about as fast as it will ever get.

Audio

I note that it says it has a microphone array, and that appears to show up in dmesg so I guess it's true? This might mean I need to move the computer up someplace where it can listen to me?

It says it has a DSP too.

Supermicro version, deceased 7/29/20

Local copy of motherboard manual File:SuperMicro SYS5018A.pdf

Audio output: NuForce UDAC 2

Newegg 03/26/2019 2 Noctua 40mm x 20mm system fans
Newegg 09/03/2017 Inv 153021116
Newegg 10/16/2016 Inv 143374043
Newegg 11/21/2014 Inv 120335149

  • SUPERMICRO SYS-5018A-FTN4 1U Rackmount Server Barebone FCBGA 1283 DDR3 1600/1333
  • SUPERMICRO MCP-220-00051-0N Single 2.5" Fixed HDD Mounting Bracket
  • 4 x Kingston 8GB 204-Pin DDR3 SO-DIMM ECC Unbuffered DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Server Memory Model KVR16LSE11 (3 added 2017-09-07)
  • sda = Samsung SSD 840 EVO 750GB
  • sdb = Seagate Archive 8TB (Installed 3/18/18, purchased 9/03/17)
  • WD Black 512GB Performance SSD - M.2 2280 PCIe NVMe Solid State Drive - WDS512G1X0C (moved from Murre)

eth0 00:25:90:F7:37:72

Bellman is configured to bring up a management interface on this ethernet interface too. (Optionally there is a separate management interface. This server has 5 ethernet ports, 4 on the motherboard and 1 on the management card.) Since it's a Supermicro possibly it can be pwned at any time by the Chinese. Since I don't use Bellman to control centrifuges or do weapons research I live with it.

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