SSD optimizations

Partition alignment: use gdisk

http://siduction.org/index.php?module=news&func=display&sid=78&lang=en

CentOS

Installing CentOS 6.x on a new server...

https://sites.google.com/site/lightrush/random-1/howtoconfigureext4toenabletrimforssdsonubuntu

• Add 'discard' option to mounts
• Move /var from the SSD to a HD

http://wiki.debian.org/SSDoptimization

Linux

See http://tombuntu.com/index.php/2008/09/04/four-tweaks-for-using-linux-with-solid-state-drives/

put /tmp in RAM:

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0

/boot, /home, /swap on Velociraptor /dev/sdd

/ on RevoDrive /dev/md0 (/dev/sda, /dev/sdb)

I don't know that this is optimal but it's what I used

mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda /dev/sdb
mke2fs -b 409 -E stride 16 /dev/md0

put noatime option in /etc/fstab

manage write caching via /etc/hdparm.conf

# SSD RevoDrive
/dev/sda {
	write_cache = off
}

/dev/sdb {
	write_cache = off
}

# Raptor drive
/dev/sdc {
	write_cache = on
}

# Caviar drive
/dev/sdd {
	write_cache = on
}

Test results

On Raven

The new Black drive is faster than the Velociraptor. The SSD is FAST and the Green is slow. No surprises there. Tested with hdparm -t command.

# RevoDrive
Timing buffered disk reads:  1028 MB in  3.01 seconds = 341.87 MB/sec

bonnie++
Version  1.96       ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random-
Concurrency   1     -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks--
Machine        Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP  /sec %CP
raven           16G  1958  99 498533  42 193488  24  4443  98 501475  27  6290 125
Latency              6425us     378ms   52859us    2402us    9032us    4884us
Version  1.96       ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create--------
raven               -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete--
              files  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP
                 16  7355  95 +++++ +++ +++++ +++  7916  94 +++++ +++ 24012  89
Latency               490us     113us      74us     265us      32us     763us

1.96,1.96,raven,1,1289707876,16G,,1958,99,498533,42,193488,24,4443,98,501475,27,6290,125,16,,,,,7355,95,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,7916,94,+++++,+++,24012,89,6425us,378ms,52859us,2402us,9032us,4884us,490us,113us,74us,265us,32us,763us

# Velociraptor
Timing buffered disk reads:  358 MB in  3.01 seconds = 118.84 MB/sec
bonnie++ -d /home/bwilson/foo
Version  1.96       ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random-
Concurrency   1     -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks--
Machine        Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP  /sec %CP
raven           16G  1412  97 90887   7 44795   5  3581  97 111852   5 299.7   6
Latency              8841us     688ms    1184ms   17654us     349ms     142ms
Version  1.96       ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create--------
raven               -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete--
              files  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP  /sec %CP
                 16   334   1 +++++ +++   472   1   332   1 +++++ +++   473   1
Latency               109ms     130us     124ms     354ms      35us     242ms
1.96,1.96,raven,1,1289708289,16G,,1412,97,90887,7,44795,5,3581,97,111852,5,299.7,6,16,,,,,334,1,+++++,+++,472,1,332,1,+++++,+++,473,1,8841us,688ms,1184ms,17654us,349ms,142ms,109ms,130us,124ms,354ms,35us,242ms

# Caviar Green
Timing buffered disk reads:  198 MB in  3.00 seconds =  65.97 MB/sec

# Caviar Black
Timing buffered disk reads:  442 MB in  3.01 seconds = 146.99 MB/sec

On Bellman

OCZ drive:

/dev/sda:
  Timing buffered disk reads: 762 MB in  3.01 seconds = 253.45 MB/sec

WD Caviar Green drive:

/dev/sdb:
  Timing buffered disk reads: 334 MB in  3.01 seconds = 111.11 MB/sec

WDC Black NVME (512 GB) 2019-04-26

hdparm -Tt --direct /dev/nvme0n1p1
/dev/nvme0n1p1:
  Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   1736 MB in  2.00 seconds = 868.14 MB/sec
  Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 2698 MB in  3.00 seconds = 898.94 MB/sec

Samsung 850 (or something like that) 2019-04-26

hdparm -Tt --direct /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1:
  Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   298 MB in  2.00 seconds = 148.69 MB/sec
  Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 258 MB in  3.00 seconds =  85.91 MB/sec

Windows

http://www.overclock.net/t/1156654/seans-windows-7-install-guide-optimization-for-ssds-hdds

These are suggestions for a developer machine, YMMV

Run services.msc as admin and turn off superfetch

Remove the hibernation file: powercfg -h off

Turn off indexing (it's a drive property)

Reduce size of page file

Laysan tests

2017-08-05

NVME WDC

bonnie++ -d /volumes/ssd_machines/test -n 1

SSD Samsung 840

bonnie++ -d /volumes/evo/test -n 1

WDC Caviar Black

bonnie++ -d /home/bwilson/test -n 1

hdparm -tT --direct /dev/nvme0n1

/dev/nvme0n1:

Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   1096 MB in  2.00 seconds = 547.22 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 3384 MB in  3.00 seconds = 1127.63 MB/sec

hdparm -tT --direct /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:

Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   784 MB in  2.00 seconds = 391.66 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 136 MB in  3.12 seconds =  43.61 MB/sec