WiFi Wireless Projects: Difference between revisions
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Read carefully "man systemd.link", especially how the directories are searched in order, so the fake .link file was | Read carefully "man systemd.link", especially how the directories are searched in order, so the fake .link file was | ||
overwriting the real one. Now I have the builtin wifi at "wlan0" and the Alfa interface at wlx00c0ca52c04b. | overwriting the real one. Now I have the builtin wifi at "wlan0" and the Alfa interface at wlx00c0ca52c04b. | ||
No more confusion as to which one is the Alfa. | No more confusion as to which one is the Alfa. | ||
On Murre (Linux Mint) the N board reports as | |||
(base) bwilson@murre:~/VirtualBox VMs$ lsusb | |||
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub | |||
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 1050:0402 Yubico.com Yubikey 4/5 U2F | |||
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2109:2813 VIA Labs, Inc. VL813 Hub | |||
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 28da:1505 G.SKILL KM360 MX | |||
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0451:8142 Texas Instruments, Inc. TUSB8041 4-Port Hub | |||
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse | |||
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 046d:0821 Logitech, Inc. HD Webcam C910 | |||
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) | |||
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 0bda:817f Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188RU 802.11n WLAN Adapter | |||
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub | |||
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 2109:0813 VIA Labs, Inc. VL813 Hub | |||
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub | |||
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub | |||
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub | |||
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub | |||
(base) bwilson@murre:~/VirtualBox VMs$ lsmod | grep 81 | |||
rtl8xxxu 290816 0 | |||
rtl8192cu 114688 0 | |||
rtl_usb 24576 1 rtl8192cu | |||
rtl8192c_common 90112 1 rtl8192cu | |||
rtlwifi 139264 3 rtl8192c_common,rtl_usb,rtl8192cu | |||
mac80211 1720320 4 rtl_usb,rtl8192cu,rtlwifi,rtl8xxxu | |||
=== Driver build on Linux === | === Driver build on Linux === |
Revision as of 03:20, 16 December 2024
Presence detection
Working on detecting when my phone enters and leaves the Wildsong AP.
Alfa
Famous race condition causes it to come up sometime as wlan0 and other times as wlan1, basically annoying the daylights out of me.
I tried the raspi-config (really kalipi-config) "predictable names" option and it failed.
Next I tried this, which works!!
sudo rm /etc/systemd/network/73-usb-net-by-mac.link update-initramfs -k all -u reboot
I think the .link file (which points to null) was masking the one with actual information in it in /lib/systemd/network/ Read carefully "man systemd.link", especially how the directories are searched in order, so the fake .link file was overwriting the real one. Now I have the builtin wifi at "wlan0" and the Alfa interface at wlx00c0ca52c04b. No more confusion as to which one is the Alfa.
On Murre (Linux Mint) the N board reports as
(base) bwilson@murre:~/VirtualBox VMs$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 1050:0402 Yubico.com Yubikey 4/5 U2F
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2109:2813 VIA Labs, Inc. VL813 Hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 28da:1505 G.SKILL KM360 MX
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0451:8142 Texas Instruments, Inc. TUSB8041 4-Port Hub
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 046d:0821 Logitech, Inc. HD Webcam C910
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 0bda:817f Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188RU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 2109:0813 VIA Labs, Inc. VL813 Hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
(base) bwilson@murre:~/VirtualBox VMs$ lsmod | grep 81
rtl8xxxu 290816 0
rtl8192cu 114688 0
rtl_usb 24576 1 rtl8192cu
rtl8192c_common 90112 1 rtl8192cu
rtlwifi 139264 3 rtl8192c_common,rtl_usb,rtl8192cu
mac80211 1720320 4 rtl_usb,rtl8192cu,rtlwifi,rtl8xxxu
Driver build on Linux
https://felixkohlhas.com/random/rtl8188fu-monitor-mode/
Alfa + Pi
But it works great on a Pi 3. So I am going to set up a Pi 3 with the Alfa. The Alfa will hopefully connect to my office when I am sitting on the hill at lunchtime, and become a hotspot, allowing me to connect via its internal WiFi or possibly its wired ethernet. The only reason to do this is to see if I can.
Some instructions to follow. https://thepi.io/how-to-use-your-raspberry-pi-as-a-wireless-access-point/
Install iptables, hostapd, bridge-utils and dnsmasq.
Edit /etc/dhcpcd.conf, /etc/dnsmasq.conf, /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf, /etc/default/hostapd, /etc/sysctl.conf.
Enable MASQUERADE
Create a file to set iptables
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
Load it from /etc/rc.local
Add bridge interfaces
sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 enxb827eb6f44a5 sudo brctl addif br0 wlx00c0ca52c04b <-- oh oh this failed
Wardriving
Setting up a Raspberry Pi to do some wardriving (or warcycling or warwalking?) Will probably use an Alfa 802.11b/g/n adapter from Rokland.
- Horst = Highly Optimized Radio Scanner Tool = low footprint
- Kismet = been around longer, more features
Testing on Pi 4 Tenrec today with sudo iwlist wlan0 scan|grep SSID With the Alfa I see 35 stations. On the built in wlan0 I see 9. So, Alfa it is. The built in interface is dual band (2.4 and 5.8) but the Alfa is 2.4 only. I might want to replace the Alfa later but most access points advertise on both bands so I don't think it matters to me right now.
- MAC on the Alfa is 00:c0:ca:52:c0:4b
- MAC on the Pi WiFi is b8:27:eb:3a:11:f0
Quickie test: sudo iwlist wlx00c0ca52c04b scan
Examine interfaces with
sudo iw dev sudo iw phy phy0 info sudo iw phy phy1 info
Packages on Pi 3 (Name "clear" because of the transparent case.)
apt install horst emacs-nox minicom
To-do:
- Install and test Alfa (DONE)
- Install and test Horst. Done but need to know more about it; logging? GPS?
- Install and test Kismet
- hook up a GPS (in car: UBlox AEK-4P walking? I have a little chip GPS around)
- remove the Pi 4 from the 7" screen -or- go with a Pi 3 -or- even a Pi Zero?
Can I run this software on a Pi Zero? I just want to log data, nothing else. That would be Kali on Pi0W It works, but runs out of memory or drops messages or something. I decided to stick with a Pi3 on this project.
How about https://www.kali.org/docs/arm/raspberry-pi-zero-w-pi-tail/ Use Pi Zero + Smartphone (tablet in my case)???
Disable automatic connection on Alfa
I want to use the Alfa only for monitoring so I don't want it connecting.
This does not do it.
systemctl disable wpa_supplicant@wlx00c0ca52c04b
GPS
Delorme Earthmate
This one's been in my collection for many years. It's yellow. It still works. I added GPSd ("apt install gpsd") and fired up gpsmon. Yep. Works. GPS is done.
Data link
While reading Fona docs I learned Twilio now has access to narrowband IoT through T-Mobile, which is 400MHz. The Quectel developer board I found for it is $95 and also includes GPS. $3 for a SIM and $10 a year for 12MB for Narrowband. I wonder what it would take to use LoRa or Meshtastic?
Horst
- Github repo
- https://netbeez.net/blog/remote-wifi-packet-capturing-with-horst-on-raspberry-pi-and-odroid/
There is a package for Raspbian but not Kali. I am leaning towards dumping Kali, which is 10# of software and I only need 1#. I wonder about the Re4son kernel?
git clone --recursive https://github.com/br101/horst sudo apt-get install libncurses-dev libnl-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev pkg-config
Kismet on Debian
The version in the repository won't install on Debian Bullseye
The following packages have unmet dependencies: kismet-core : Depends: libprotobuf17 but it is not installable
wget -O - https://www.kismetwireless.net/repos/kismet-release.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - echo 'deb https://www.kismetwireless.net/repos/apt/git/buster buster main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kismet.list sudo apt update sudo apt install kismet
5" display
I am using this 5" display and a Pi 3 from SEARC
https://elecrow.com/wiki/index.php?title=HDMI_Interface_5_Inch_800x480_TFT_Display
I tried installing the drivers per the instructions here and the board did not reboot. I will try again someday. Who needs a touch screen anyway?
Kali
I tried installing Kismet on Raspbian and it failed, so I installed Kali.
Kali runs X11 by default; it can be disabled with
systemctl disable lightdm
I would disable HDMI too, to save power, but I am afraid I will need to connect the KVM up in the near future to get access when WiFi is not available.
About the Re4son kernel
uname -a Linux kali-raspberry-pi 5.15.44-Re4son-v8+ #1 SMP PREEMPT Debian kali-pi (2022-07-03) aarch64 GNU/Linux
What is Re4son?? It's a kernel that has support for some of the wireless drivers that I don't need right now. :-) See https://re4son-kernel.com/re4son-pi-kernel/ See also https://davidtavarez.github.io/2018/re4son_kernel_raspberry_pi/
It's probably pretty easy to install it later on top of Raspbian.
Kismet
sudo -s systemctl enable kismet systemctl start kismet
Now go to a browser go to for example http://zebra:2501/ and set a username and password.
Okay, it ran for a good 15 minutes and I think it wants at least a Pi 3. Starting again with a Pi 3 named "clear" since it's in a clear case. Or it would be if it all fit.
Wireless resources
Personal Telco Portland
WISP news
Frontier Broadband Industry News http://www.frontierbb.com/blogger.shtml
Broadband Wireless Exchange http://www.bbwexchange.com/
Wireless Internet Service Provider Association http://www.wispa.org
Equipment suppliers
Rokland Alfa high power WiFi USB adapters
Metrix Wireless development kits
Fleeman Anderson Bird Antennas and a lot more. Really like these folks.
Manufacturers
E-zy made the EZ-2-Go radios that I just got for Chintimini
RouterBoard
[Ubiquiti] makes some products that look interesting including the "Bullet".
Organizations
Certified Wireless Network Providers
Bluetooth
IrDA
Wi-Fi
Wi-Max
Zigbee