Working with git
Overview
Sticking with the concept of running my own cloud servers instead of putting every bit of my life out on the Internet, I want to store my source code in my own git server.
I have already installed git and ssh and web services on Bellman so now all I need to do is configure it.
Github.com
I am migrating some of my projects to github.com to share them and to get them off my own server. Pretty much all the same git commands below work. I am not concerned about keeping history.
These have been moved over
- Cricket
- contours
- ssurgo
Migration: Use the Github Importer.
Use case: web app development
One of the main reasons I want my own git server is so that I can sync a web app between my laptop and a server.
My work flow: I develop on the laptop, then I push changes to the git server, then I pull the changes down into the live web server.
The theory is that if the live server breaks, I can revert the changes.
Use case: Asterisk servers
Each server needs tweaks to its configuration. When you are bending config files and something stops working you need to be able to back out the changes.
File ownerships and access control
Access to the server is through ssh. The repositories will be owned by the user 'git'. So I put the home for user 'git' where I want the repositories to be; on Bellman I use /green/repositories. Then I set up ssh with keys so that I don't need to share passwords.
I put create a separate 'git' key pair and put the public key into ~git/.ssh/authorized_keys I can test it with "ssh [email protected] list", this should list the available repos and exit.
Once that's all in place I don't need a complete path for the "remote" command, just one relative to git's home.
Creating a new repo
See also: http://www.git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server
I am using ssh for file transfer.
I find it easiest to create a new empty repo directly on the server and then push existing content into it.
ssh bellman cd ~git sudo git init --bare myproject.git create a bare repository sudo chown -R git.wildsong myproject.git exit cd Projects assuming myproject is a folder containing the files you want in a repo cd myproject git init make a gitignore file in myproject git add some files git commit -m 'initial commit' git remote add origin [email protected]:myproject.git git push origin master this pushes committed files from the local repository to the master branch on the remote machine
Now I should be able to clone my project onto the web server and start using git to keep it updated.
ssh webserver cd /var/www/appserver git clone git.wildsong.biz:myproject.git
On my copy I need to define the remote repo,
git remote add origin [email protected]:myproject.git
When I make changes on the local laptop, first I commit them locally.
git commit
..then I push them up to the git server
git push origin master
..then I pull them down onto the public web server
git fetch
Then I create a virtualenv and load the requirements.
cd myproject virtualenv env source env/bin/activate pip install -r requirements.txt python run.py
Branching and all that
This explanation is pretty good. Darn good. http://longair.net/blog/2009/04/16/git-fetch-and-merge/
Git submodules
I keep some code in github, and I want to incorporate it into a project. I can use the submodule feature.
cd myproject git submodule add [email protected]:brian32768/pyst2.git
This clones pyst2 into a subdirectory (called pyst2 by default) Now I can work on pyst2 and do commits and pushes but it remains separate from 'myproject'. If I ask for status...
git status On branch master Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'. Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: .gitmodules new file: pyst2
If I am in a virtualenv then I can cd into pyst2 and do 'python setup.py install' and the right thing will happen.
When you clone a new copy or update an existing clone (git pull) then the submodules will be there but empty, you have do do this
cd pyst2 (or whatever your submodule folder is) git submodule init git submodule update
That will tell git to populate the submodule folder with code from the other repository.