BeagleBone Black
Rev C (2014) has 4GB flash on board.
Rev C BBB's are available for $55 from Digikey http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en/programmers-development-systems/evaluation-boards-embedded-mcu-dsp/2621773?k=beagle%20bone%20black
TI Sitara processor http://www.ti.com/tool/linuxezsdk-sitara
Capes
http://Chipsee.com/ 7" LCD capacitive sensor
I probably bought mine at Logic Supply. http://www.logicsupply.com/bbb-exp-c/ They have downloads for it.
TNC-X $43 http://www.tnc-x.com/TNCBlack.htm based on a PIC processor; full schematics available
Debug cable
I just ordered this serial debug cable for $10: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12977 Works for Raspberry Pi, too.
I need to look at the generic adapter I bought a couple years ago to see if it does 3.3v.
Options for operating systems
Android
Android -- KitKat (4.4) is at http://bbbandroid.sourceforge.net/
KitKat tutorial http://www.2net.co.uk/tutorial/android-4.4-beaglebone
TI's Android page is outdated (2.3 Gingerbread) http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/BeagleBone-Android-DevKit_Guide
Wireless Android BBB http://nelenkov.blogspot.com/2013/07/building-wireless-android-device.html
Linux
Angstrom
Ubuntu see https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/beagleboard/Y-rcKPITy0Q/discussion
Books
https://www.packtpub.com/hardware-and-creative/android-beaglebone-black