Access ArcGIS Server data using Visual Studio

View-> SQL Server Object Explorer

See the roles attached to a geodatabase

Select the ArcGIS database you want to look at.

Right click and select "New Query...". In the top of the pane this opens you will see the database name; in my screenshot it's "Clatsop".

This opens a SQL query window. You can then type this in:

SELECT [name] FROM sys.database_principals 
       WHERE type = 'R' and principal_id>0 and principal_id<16384;

To run it, you can click the grey "play" button in the top bar on the window (not the green Start button). You can select a different database using the pull down at the top of the query pane.

I don't know why I cannot see the 'sys' table in the SQL Server Object Explorer. That makes me mad.

Here is a screen shot after the query runs.