Access ArcGIS Server data using Visual Studio

View-> SQL Server Object Explorer

See the roles attached to a geodatabase

Select the ArcGIS database you want to look at.

Right click and select "New Query...".

This opens a SQL query window. You can then type this in:

SELECT [name] FROM sys.database_principals 
       WHERE type = 'R' and principal_id>0 and principal_id<16384;

To run it, you can click the grey "play" button in the top bar on the window (not the green Start button).

Here is a screen shot after the query runs.